dd

Convert and copy a file.

$ dd

Input file (if)Output file (of)Block size (bs)Block count

Skip blocks in inputSkip blocks in outputConversion flags

Don't truncate (notrunc)

Sync writes (fsync)

Pad with NUL (sync)

Ignore errors (noerror)

Examples

# Backup entire disk
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4M status=progress

# Create bootable USB
dd if=ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdc bs=4M status=progress

# Clone with progress
dd if=/dev/sda of=backup.img bs=1M count=1000 status=progress

# Skip and seek
dd if=data.img of=output.img bs=512 skip=1000 seek=500

# Ignore read errors
dd if=/dev/sda of=recovery.img bs=4K conv=noerror,sync